SPEECH BY HER EXCELLENCY THE PRESIDENT OF INDIA, SHRIMATI PRATIBHA DEVISINGH PATIL, AT THE INAUGURATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RESPONSIBILITY TO THE FUTURE: BUSINESS, PEACE, SUSTAINABILITY AT MUMBAI

Mumbai, 26th June 2008

I am happy to inaugurate the Conference on "Responsibility to the Future: Business, Peace, Sustainability", which I understand would be looking at issues that could impact the future of mankind. I congratulate the foresight of the organizers for convening this meeting.

In the contemporary world, technology horizons are expanding at a faster pace than ever before, providing unparalleled opportunities for the creation of wealth and of prosperity. At the same time issues of poverty, terrorism, natural disasters, pandemics, energy security, food security and climate change confront mankind. Will the discoveries of science and increased global wealth, be deployed for improving living standards of the entire global population and for preserving the Planet and life on it? How effectively will these challenges and issues be addressed? The approaches adopted in this regard will be fundamental for the peace, development and sustainability of the future.

The beginning of the new Millennium and the 21st century saw the coming together of the leaders of the world at the United Nations. There was consensus among them that many of the development issues - poverty, hunger, disease, ignorance and environmental sustainability - require collective action. They recognized that poverty anywhere was a threat to prosperity everywhere and that sustainable development could not be achieved by individual nations; it was a collective enterprise. Their deliberations led to a common vision of a shared future and to an agreed set of universal goals for the welfare of humanity - the Millennium Development Goals. This was the dawning of a new age. The challenge now is for the global partnership to deliver outcomes by the 2015 target date. The important part is that the financial resources and technologies committed to developing countries are made available to meet the Millennium Development Goals. Accomplishing this will convey an unequivocal message that working together constructively, the international community can succeed in making the world a better place.

Globalization, driven by international trade and investment and aided by Information Technology, has dramatically affected global thinking. Interaction between peoples and countries is not new but technological developments have taken it to new scales and heights. More countries are now integrated into a global economic system, in which trade and capital flow across borders. How can we make the system work effectively for development? India believes that the international trading regime must take into account the concerns of the developing countries and deliver on the promises made in the Doha Development Agenda.

World Domestic Product reached a level of more than US$ 48 trillion in 2006 but, along with the increase, the distribution of wealth and income is becoming even more distorted. Two percent of the world's richest people own more than 50% of the world's wealth, while the poorest 50 percent of people own one percent. This situation is unsustainable. Such a large proportion of the world's population cannot be left on the periphery. We need to have a process of inclusive globalization, one which as is said, "will lift all boats in its tide". This should not remain a mere slogan but strategies and practical steps must be taken. Disparities have to be addressed within nations also. We, in India, have adopted an inclusive approach so that the benefits of our growth touch the lives of all. Correcting disparities would also mean looking at women issues. They constitute half of the world but their potential remains largely untapped. They must be drawn into the process of development. Without women empowerment and their participation in all areas of human activity, there cannot be sustainability in any sphere of human endeavour.

The structure of global institutions merits our attention in the context of inclusiveness of governance. United Nations and the Bretton Woods Institutions were set up in the post Second World War period in the 1940s as a reflection of the then world. That world has changed and these institutions must also change to reflect the realities of the contemporary world. New players, who can contribute solutions to global problems, should be accommodated. The global governance structure needs to be more democratic and more representative of all the people of the world, with a greater voice for the developing countries.

Science and Technology have changed the concept of physical distances. However, the extraordinary impacts of Science & Technology in the past 25 years will seem slight compared with what is likely to happen in the next 25 years. Bio-technology, nano-technology, robotics, genetics, space technology are advancing rapidly. What will it mean for our way of life on earth? Will there be negative fallouts? Will the new technologies be channelised for global welfare? How will the technological divide be bridged? If we are to measure scientific progress based on patents that are granted, the picture across the world is already very uneven. In 2005, seventy four percent of the patents granted worldwide originated from the United States, Republic of Korea, Germany and France. There is, however, no effective mechanism for the transfer of technology from the rich nations to the developing world. Can we look at the possibility of relaxing intellectual property rights under certain conditions, like has been done in the case of public health in the World Trade Organization?

Our planet belongs to all of us and to sustain it as well as to preserve it for future generations requires action by all of us. On the one hand, we face the impacts of environmental damage caused by industrialized countries who have reached high levels of prosperity over the past 150 years or so. On the other hand, there is poverty and the poorest in the world face the worst impacts of climate change, even though they have had hardly any share in causing this problem. How are we to deal with this challenge? These are the equity dimensions of climate change and cannot be ignored in working out a fair burden sharing arrangement. At the global level, mitigation actions will need to follow the principle of "common but differentiated responsibility" and "respective capabilities". Countries must fulfill their respective international obligations. At the same time, the imperatives of adaptation to climate change assume urgency, calling for energy efficient technologies, pollution control, water conservation and waste management. It is time to look at our consumption and production patterns. Production processes should reduce wastage while consumption should not be extravagant. As Gandhiji said, and I quote, "Earth provides enough to satisfy every man's need, but not every man's greed". Unquote. Is it time to adopt an ethical approach that abjures greed ?

Water-stress situation will be a likely scenario of the future. We should be looking at water-saving technologies that will use minimum water for household, agricultural and industrial purposes. As water is becoming a scarce commodity, we should be looking at cost-effective technologies for desalination of sea water. Human society possesses the necessary capabilities and economic strengths for the development of new and advanced conservation and environment friendly technologies. Can we take urgent action in this direction and bring into rapid use the new technologies across the globe?

We also need to examine how the energy demand of the world can be met. Oil prices have touched US $ 140 per barrel from levels between US $ 12 to 23 in 1998-1999. The high oil prices have an impact on the global economy, on oil importing countries and on individuals. High price levels have brought forward the debate of finding alternative sources of energy. Can it be bio-fuel? This would require deep analysis. Converting world grain into ethanol will reduce food quantity available for human beings, in a scenario where global population is increasing. Where does the solution lie then? We need to look at energy mixes that are sustainable. Renewable sources of energy - wind, solar, tidal, geo-thermal and hydro as well as nuclear energy are sources, which are cleaner sources of energy.

Fear of food insecurity and hunger is looming large. Current estimates indicate that the recent price hike in foodgrains has pushed about 100 million additional people closer to hunger and malnutrition. At the Conference on World Food Security in Rome this month, it was recognized that the current prices had highlighted the fragility of the global food system and its exposure to shocks. In the 1960s - we, in India, waged our battle against hunger and we became self-sufficient in food grains because of the Green Revolution. For stable food security, there is need now for a new round of Green Revolution allover. The agricultural research system of the world should be re-vitalized and efforts stepped up for developing scientific solutions for increasing agricultural productivity, including rainfed agriculture, particularly in drought-prone areas and also improving foodgrain storage facilities.

World population is expected to cross 9 billion by 2050 and the majority is likely to live in cities. Such a heavy concentration in urban habitats would require detailed planning to prevent problems of congestion and to make available civic amenities, including in slums which invariably accompany the urbanization process.

Undertaking the task of development necessitates an environment of peace and stability. Today, the scourge of terrorism confronts us. Technology has created well-linked networks of terror around the globe. No nation or society can proceed on its path to development under the fear of attacks which would put to risk innocent lives. There can thus never be a compromise with terrorism. The international community needs to intensify its cooperation to combat terrorism.

Peace also demands dialogue, which always promotes better understanding of the perception and sensitivities of each others' cultures and traditions. The diversity of culture is an expression of the customs and the historical experiences of humans inhabiting different parts of the world but binding them all together are basic human values, which have sustained civilizations throughout history. We should encourage people-to-people contacts, including educational and cultural exchanges as components of a dialogue process between the peoples of the world. We must also promote a culture of non-violence. This will contribute to building a more harmonious world. The message of Mahatma Gandhi of truth and non-violence is extremely relevant. The decision of the international community to celebrate 2nd October every year as the International Day of Non-violence is an important step. We need to look at how this concept can be carried forward further.

To build a more peaceful, prosperous and equitable world, a large number of stakeholders would have to play a role. Government policies for the welfare of their people should be implemented with vigour. International institutions should look at developing effective delivery mechanisms for the implementation of internationally agreed goals. The corporate world has a social responsibility. Along with business, they should be involved in undertaking social welfare initiatives. Civil society and the NGOs have emerged as important stakeholders and should function in an accountable and transparent manner. It will only be through these collective efforts that we will be able to face challenges and avail of the opportunities that arise.

Just as we work for sustainable development in the world, we as individuals also seek a holistic and balanced life. And just as a person has cultural, intellectual and spiritual needs besides material requirements, so also do nations and the global community. Individuals living in harmony with themselves and nature will contribute to making the world a peaceful place. I understand that Bhutan looks at itself not only from the perspective of per capita Gross National Product but from Gross National Happiness. Is not this a better measure of human progress?

I will conclude by saying that nature is kind to us but only we have to understand how we must act. As a Shloka in our ancient scriptures states:

Trees do not eat their own fruits

Rivers do not drink their own water

Cows give milk for others to drink

So also enlightened people use their lives for helping others.

We are at a crucial time in history. We cannot move recklessly into the future. It is time to pause and think as some critical choices are required to be made.

I wish the Conference success in its deliberations.

Thank you,

Jai Hind.

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